Defintion

All coherence transactions involve at least two steps, and some involve three. The parties involved are the Requester, the Directory, and occasionally the Owner.

High-level description of MESI directory protocol. In each transition, the cache controller that requests the transaction is denoted “Req.”
Figure 8.6 https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~markhill/papers/primer2020_2nd_edition.pdf

Cache Controller

Directory Controller